
Colt's · Rifle
Berdan I M1868
10.75x58mmR Berdan · introduced 1868
Also known as Model 1868, Berdan No. 1, .42 Berdan trapdoor
About the Berdan I M1868
The Berdan I M1868 was a single-shot, hammerless 'trapdoor' breech-loading infantry rifle designed by American inventor Colonel Hiram Berdan in collaboration with Russian officers Alexander Gorlov and Karl Gunius. Chambered for the bottlenecked 10.75x58mmR Berdan centerfire cartridge, it employed a forward-lifting breech block locked by a coil-spring striker. Roughly 30,000 were manufactured by Colt in Hartford, Connecticut, before the design was quickly superseded by the bolt-action Berdan II in 1870.
Designed by the same Hiram Berdan who commanded the famed Union sharpshooter regiments in the American Civil War, the Berdan I was built in Connecticut for the Tsar's army, making it a uniquely American-Russian collaboration of the breech-loading era.
Berdan I M1868 specifications
General
- Type
- Rifle
- Firing mechanism
- Striker-fired
- Trigger
- Single stage
- Calibres
- 10.75x58mmR Berdan
- Magazine capacity
- 1 rounds
- Magazine
- Internal
Dimensions
- Barrel length
- 825 mm (32.5 in)
- Overall length
- 1346 mm (53.0 in)
- Weight (empty)
- 4.20 kg (9.26 lb)
Barrel
- Rifling
- Right hand
- Grooves
- 6
Materials
- Barrel
- Steel
- Receiver / frame
- Steel
- Stock
- Wood
- Finish
- blued
Performance
- Muzzle velocity (typical)
- 427 m/s (1401 fps)
- Effective range
- 500 m
History
- Introduced
- 1868
- Discontinued
- 1871
- Production status
- Out of production
- Country of origin
- RU
- Designer
- Hiram Berdan
Features
- Trapdoor breech
- Forward lifting breech block
- Leaf rear sight
- Bayonet lug
Safety
- Half cock
Distinct from the later Berdan II M1870 bolt-action rifle. The Berdan I used a trapdoor-style action and saw limited adoption before being phased out by 1871; about 18,000 remained with Russia by the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878.
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